Mahatma Gandhi Joined Gokhale’s SIS group before going on to lead the independence movement
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Dharamaatma Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the liberal nationalist who was regarded by Mahatma Gandhi as his political guru.
"What the country needs most at the present moment is a spirit of self-sacrifice on the part of our educated young men, and they may take it from me that they cannot spend their lives in a better cause than raising the moral and intellectual level of their unhappy low castes and promoting their well-being."
Born on May 9, 1866, in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra (then Bombay Presidency), Gopal Krishna Gokhale was one of the founding leaders of the Indian national movement. Gokhale, an immensely wise liberal nationalist, made outstanding contributions towards social empowerment. On his 155th birth anniversary, have a look at few lesser-known facts about him.
1. Gokhale was from one of the first generations of Indians who got a college education. At the age of 18, he graduated in Arts from Elphinstone College. He, in those times, represented the category of highly-educated Indians.
2. Before joining politics, Gokhale worked as a professor. He used to teach history and political economy at the Fergusson College in Pune. He resigned from the job to enter politics.
3. Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in Maharashtra’s Pune on 12th june, 1905. The SIS launched campaigns for the promotion of education, health care and sanitation. It also made efforts to eradicate social evils such as untouchability and oppression of women. It is noteworthy that Gokhle was one of the first big political leaders who raised the demand for free primary public education.
4. Gokhale, a respected ‘moderate’ Congress leader, was a mentor to both Mahatma Gandhi and M A Jinnah. Gandhi Ji, in his autobiography, described Gokhale as “pure as crystal, gentle as a lamb, brave as a lion and chivalrous to a fault and the most perfect man in the political field.”
5. Gokhale, a front-ranking Congressman who is often tagged as a political and social reformer, actively participated in budget debates when he was a member of the Imperial Legislative Council. Furthermore, his name is associated with an internationally-renowned economics institute – Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune. The institute was founded by Gokhale's Servants of India Society in 1930, and it works with the mission to “provide education in all fields of economics with the singular purpose of contributing its might to enhance economic betterment and social welfare”.
Highlights of Career
* Giving up teaching career, Gokhale joined Indian National Congrees as one of the main leaders of its ‘moderate’ wing in 1889
* Gokhale is best remembered for his extensive work in colonial legislatures. Between 1899 and 1902, he was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council.
* Gokhale became Congress president at its Banaras session in 1905
* At the Imperial legislature, Gokhale played a key role in framing the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 and advocated for the expansion of legislative councils at both the Centre and the provinces.
Social Reforms
* Gokhale opposed the British government’s onerous land revenue policies.
* He always emphasised on the creation of equal opportunities to fight against untouchability.
* He worked towards realising constitutional ideals in India for three decades and abjured the use of reactionary or revolutionary ways.
* A critic of British imperial bureaucracy, Gokhale favoured decentralisation and the promotion of panchayat and taluka bodies.
* He also spoke for the Indian diaspora living in other parts of the British Empire and opposed the labour system, raising their problems in the Imperial legislature as well as at Congress sessions.
After Mahatma Gandhi’s return to India, he joined Gokhale’s group before going on to lead the independence movement. Gandhi regarded Gokhale as his political mentor, and wrote a book in Gujarati dedicated to the leader titled ‘Dharmatma Gokhale
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