Remembering one and all of Jallianwala Bagh (known or unknown dears)
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The history of the Indian Independence movement will always be incomplete without the mention of the "Jallianwala Bagh massacre."
On April 13,1919, British troops led by General Dyer fired and massacred a large crowd of unarmed Indians who were staging a peaceful movement for an independent India.
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This turned out to be a turning point in the Indian freedom movement, resulting in the full commitment by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi to the cause of Indian nationalism and the complete removal of British forces from our country.
🔴 A 𝙏𝙧𝙞𝙗𝙪𝙩𝙚 to Jallianwala Bagh 𝙈𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙮𝙧𝙨.
🎉 Horrific 𝙅𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙬𝙖𝙡𝙖 𝘽𝙖𝙜𝙝 massacre epitomizes the brutality & oppressive nature of British imperialism. When we observe 103 years of the 𝙅𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙬𝙖𝙡𝙖 𝘽𝙖𝙜𝙝 massacre today, a grateful nation pays tribute to all those martyrs. Their sacrifices will never be forgotten.
🔴 The 𝙅𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙬𝙖𝙡𝙖 𝘽𝙖𝙜𝙝 𝙢𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙘𝙧𝙚, also known as the 𝘼𝙢𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙨𝙖𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙘𝙧𝙚, took place on 13 April 1919, when Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in 𝙅𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙬𝙖𝙡𝙖 𝘽𝙖𝙜𝙝, 𝘼𝙢𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙨𝙖𝙧, Punjab, killing at least 400 people including men and women. Over 1,000 people were injured.
🔴 𝙄𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙩 - M. K. 𝙂𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙝𝙞 launched the #NonCooperationMovement with determination and Ravindranath Tagore returned his knighthood, saying, “Such mass murderers aren’t worthy of giving any title to anyone." Winston Churchill called Dyer’s act “monstrous" in Jallianwala
Glimpses of Baisakhi Massacre
March 10, 1919 -
The Black Act (Rowlatt Act) was passed, authorizing the government to imprison or confine, any person associated with seditious activities without a trial.
This led to nationwide unrest.
Mahatma Gandhi initiated Satyagraha to protest against this black Rowlatt Act.
April 7, 1919 -
Mahatma Gandhi published an article called Satyagrahi, describing ways to oppose the black Act. The british authorities discussed amongst themselves the actions to be taken against Gandhi and any other leaders who were participating in the Satyagraha.
Orders were issued to prohibit Gandhi from entering Punjab and to arrest him if he disobeyed the orders.
Michael O’ Dwyer, the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab (1912-1919), suggested that Gandhi be deported to Burma but this was opposed by his fellow officials as they felt it might instigate the public. Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr Satyapal, the two prominent leaders who were a symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity, organised a peaceful protest against the Rowlatt Act in Amritsar.
April 9, 1919-
Ram Naumi was being celebrated when O’ Dwyer issued orders to the Deputy Commissioner, Mr Irving to arrest Dr Satyapal and Dr Kitchlew.
April 10, 1919-
Mr Irving knew that arrest of both leasers would lead to a people outburst. He also knew that none of them favoured violence. He invited both to his house on the morning (of April 10). Both leaders unsuspectingly responded to the call and went to Irving house. After half an hour as his guests, both were caught hold of, and removed towards Dharmasala under police escort.
The infuriated protestors marched to the Deputy Commissioner’s (Irving) residence to demand the release of their two leaders. Here they were fired upon without any provocation. Many people were wounded and killed. The protestors retaliated with lathis and stones and attacked any European who came in their way.
APRIL 13, 1919 – Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
After passing the black Rowlatt Act, the Punjab Government set out to suppress all opposition.
The public had gathered at Jallianwala Bagh to celebrate Baisakhi on April 13. Two resolutions were discussed, one condemning the firing on April 10 and the other requesting the authorities to release their leaders. Some historian believed that it was a political gathering.
When the news reached to Dyer, he headed to the Bagh with his troops.
He surrounded the protesters with his Gurkha British Indian army units. The Jallianwala Bagh could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops,
Dyer ordered troops to open fire without giving any warning. People rushed to the exits but Dyer directed his soldiers to fire at the exit too. The firing continued for 10-15 minutes. 1650 rounds were fired. The firing ceased only after the ammunition had ran out.
The total estimated figure of the dead as given by General Dyer and Mr Irving was 291. However, other reports put the figure of dead between 379-1500.
As the news of the massacre spread across the nation, two days after the massacre, Martial Law was clamped down on five districts - Lahore, Amritsar, Gujranwala, Gujarat and Lyallpore. It was done to empower the Viceroy to direct immediate trial by court-martial of any person involved in the revolutionary activities.
Later Hunter Commission (appointed by britishers to probe the massacre) termed this as, one of the darkest episodes of the british rule.
After 21 Years
On 13 March 1940, Udham Singh, an Indian revolutionary, shot Michael O’Dwyer dead who was the Lt. Governor of Punjab at the time of the Jalliawala Bagh massacre.
Remembering one and all of Jallianwala Bagh (known or unknown) and Sardar Udham Singh on this Baisakhi!
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